What do cells do




















Nerves cells are the communication system of the body. Also called neurons, they consist of two major parts — the cell body and nerve processes. The central body contains the nucleus and other organelles, and the nerve processes axons or dendrites run like long fingers, carrying messages far and wide. Some of these axons can be over 1 meter long. Cells are as fascinating as they are varied. In one sense they are autonomous cities that function alone, producing their own energy and proteins; in another sense, they are part of the huge network of cells that creates tissues, organs, and us.

Many men and women worry about whether sperm cells survive for long periods outside of the body and if they can cause pregnancy long after ejaculation. An introduction to bones. We discuss their function, the different types of bones in the human body, and the cells that are involved.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that exist in their millions, in every environment, inside or outside other organisms. Some are harmful, but…. Blood circulates throughout the body, transporting substances essential to life.

Here, learn about the components of blood and how it supports human…. In this article, we discuss the most fascinating cell type in the human body. We explain what a neuron looks like, what it does, and how it works. What is a cell? Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.

Inside the cell Cell division Types Humans are made up of trillions of cells — the basic unit of life on earth. Inside the cell. A simplified diagram of a human cell. Cell division. Share on Pinterest Cell division is ongoing for our entire life. Cell Types. Share on Pinterest Sperm are the smallest type of human cell. In the future they may be used to replace cells and tissues that have been damaged or lost due to disease.

Each genome contains all of the information needed to build that organism and allow it to grow and develop. Genes are small sections of DNA within the genome that code for proteins.

They contain the instructions for our individual characteristics — like eye and hair colour. This computer game allows you to explore the key features of a human cell. The aim of the game is to match pairs of components from within a human cell. The DNA code contains instructions needed to make the proteins and molecules essential for our growth, development and health.

If you have any other comments or suggestions, please let us know at comment yourgenome. Can you spare minutes to tell us what you think of this website? Within cells, the cytoplasm is made up of a jelly-like fluid called the cytosol and other structures that surround the nucleus. The cytoskeleton has several critical functions, including determining cell shape, participating in cell division, and allowing cells to move.

It also provides a track-like system that directs the movement of organelles and other substances within cells. This organelle helps process molecules created by the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum also transports these molecules to their specific destinations either inside or outside the cell.

The Golgi apparatus packages molecules processed by the endoplasmic reticulum to be transported out of the cell. These organelles are the recycling center of the cell. They digest foreign bacteria that invade the cell, rid the cell of toxic substances, and recycle worn-out cell components. Mitochondria are complex organelles that convert energy from food into a form that the cell can use. It is about the same diameter as a hair strand 80 micrometers. The trillions of cells that make up a human are organized into about major types.

The unique set of proteins in different cell types allows them to perform specialized tasks. For instance, red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells kill germ invaders. Intestinal cells release molecules that help digest food.

Nerve cells send chemical and electrical messages that produce thoughts and movement. And heart cells contract in unison to pump blood. Fibroblast cells with nuclei blue, circular, center , energy factories green, surrounding the nucleus , and the actin cytoskeleton red, outermost. Researchers used fluorescent tags to illuminate the intricate network of microtubule yellow, center filaments and actin filament purple, outermost fibers that build a cell's structure.

When putting cells into categories, scientists can tell eukaryotic cells apart from prokaryotic cells because they look different. Eukaryotic cells make up animals, plants, fungi, and some single-celled organisms. And they have a number of structures inside them, called organelles. They are single-celled microorganisms that tend to be smaller than eukaryotic cells. There are two types of prokaryotic cells—bacteria and archaea.

Many types of cells can move. Single-celled organisms move to find food. And even cells inside multicellular organisms may need to get around. For example, immune system cells must move toward invaders.

Cells move in several ways. Some simply float through water or other liquids.



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